### Federal Cyber Hack-Back Enters a New Phase

Federal cyber hack-back policy is moving into a more formal phase as government agencies explore deeper collaboration with private cybersecurity firms. In this Techstrong TV interview, Mike Vizard talks with Chris Nyhuis, President and CEO of Vigilant, about what that shift could mean for offensive cyber operations.

Nyhuis explains that private companies have supported government cyber operations before. What is changing now is the push to formalize the process. Under the model discussed, approved U.S. contractors could work with the federal government after an organization submits evidence of an attack.

### Attribution Is the Hardest Problem

The biggest challenge is attribution. Nyhuis notes that separating criminal groups from nation-state activity can be difficult. The line has become even less clear as some hacking groups borrow tools, training and tactics from larger geopolitical actors.

Attackers can also mimic another group’s fingerprints. They may copy infrastructure, coding styles or attack patterns. That creates risk when evidence looks convincing but points in the wrong direction. A federal cyber hack-back program must account for that uncertainty before action is taken.

### Private Sector Speed Meets Government Oversight

The conversation also explores why the private sector is attractive to government leaders. Cybersecurity companies often move faster than federal agencies. They can develop new tools quickly and bring specialized expertise to complex investigations.

That speed still needs guardrails. Offensive cyber activity is not the same as simply returning fire. Actions taken against the wrong target could create legal, diplomatic or operational consequences. Nyhuis says governance, precision and authorization will be essential.

### AI Adds More Complexity

AI could make the model more powerful, but it also raises the stakes. If AI is used in offensive operations, poorly defined instructions or weak oversight could lead to unintended outcomes. That is especially concerning when attribution is already difficult.

For security leaders, the discussion highlights a central tradeoff. A federal cyber hack-back program may give defenders more options against organized cybercrime. It also requires a careful framework for evidence, oversight and accountability.